Essay on Effects of Smoking - 474 Words

According to the American Lung Association, there are an estimated 50 million people who smoke. For some reason people just do not fully understand the risks they take by smoking. Cigarette smoking is a frequent cause for many health problems with smokers. To begin with, there are many hazardous ingredients in cigarette tobacco. Some of the ingredients are poisonous or addictive. Cigarette smoke produces thousands of chemicals that are hazardous to a smoker’s health. There are over 4000 chemicals produced by a burning cigarette. At least 200 chemicals are known to be poisonous to a persons health. Though filters help block some of the chemicals, they will not stop them completely. Nicotine is an addictive drug and†¦show more content†¦When a person smokes a cigarette the body reacts immediately to the chemical nicotine. Nicotine begins to effect a smoker’s blood pressure, the flow of blood from their heart, the heart beat and breathing rate. Cigarette smoke also contains carbon monoxide, the same poisonous gases released from a car exhaust pipe. Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless, highly toxic gas that reduces the amount of oxygen that the blood can carry. Combined with the effects produced by the nicotine, it creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood is able to supply. Tar is another chemical produced from cigarette smoke. Tar contains at least 30 cancer causing irritants. Tar is a mixture of several substances that condense into a sticky substance on the lung. Tobacco manufactures have produced a cigarette that is low tar and low nicotine to reduce the chance of cancer, but these cigarettes are still hazardous. There are many deadly diseases related to smoking cigarettes. The respiratory diseases that have been linked to cigarette smoking are lung cancer, cancer of the larynx, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and coronary heart disease. The hazards of these diseases increase with the quantity of cigarettes smoked and the length of time the habit is continued. Smoking related diseases cause the death of more than 400,000 Americans in 1994. Almost everyone knows thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Smoking On The Smoking2594 Words   |  11 PagesThe Effects of Smoking Smoking remains one of the most prevalent habits in society. The effects of smoking are wide ranging and devastating. Despite having the knowledge of these effects on human health, there has been no significant change in the smoking trends. Smoking involves inhalation of smoke from burnt substances. Some of the substances burned have major effects on the nervous system and the smoker is intoxicated after smoking. An example is marijuana, which has catastrophic effects on theRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of Smoking And Smoking1380 Words   |  6 Pagestime they light a smoke. Some of the harmful effects of smoking include various potentially lethal diseases to the smoker and others exposed to secondhand smoke, the sinful addiction caused by a key ingredient in cigarettes, and social issues smoking causes for smokers and their loved ones. Smoking should be prohibited completely because of the harmful physical and social effects it has on smokers and the non-smokers they associate with . First of all, smoking creates a number of health problems for smokersRead MoreThe Effects of Smoking 2118 Words   |  8 PagesSmoking: Effects on Facial Skins Causing more than 400,000 deaths each year, smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Additionally, the direct medical costs amount more than $50 billion per year. More people are harmed and killed by smoking every year than they die of alcohol, drug abuse, AIDS, murders, car crashes, fires, and suicides. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,700 chemicals, over 200 poisons, and over 50 human carcinogens. The toxins in cigarette smoke includeRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Decline Of Smoking Rates1072 Words   |  5 Pagesthat Australia has made significant advances in the decline of smoking rates within the population, with rates falling dramatically since the 1960s to approximately 14% of the population classed as smokers, smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable illness and de aths in Australia. Worryingly, smoking is attributed to more hospital admissions and deaths than alcohol and illicit drug consumption combined. Unfortunately, smoking claims a staggering 15,500 Australians every year. InternationallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Baby887 Words   |  4 Pagesshort and long term effects it has on their baby? The fact that this is becoming more accepted in today’s world to smoke while pregnant is completely unacceptable. The list of negative effects that smoking while pregnant have on the baby range from premature labor to brain defects. Clinical studies have proven the negative short and long term effects that smoking while pregnant can have on a baby. Smoking while pregnant should be illegal, due to the amount of negative effects it has on the baby.Read MoreThe Poisoning Effects of Smoking1243 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking tobacco has been practiced for years. People worldwide view smoking as a lifestyle and smoked for pleasure an d relaxation. During the 19th century it was considered fashionable to be seen taking a puff from a cigarette. At that time, the world was blind to the negative effects of smoking tobacco. However, during the 20th century, scientific research began and The American Cancer Society began to emphasize the health risks of smoking cigarettes. By 1964 a Surgeon’s General warning wasRead MoreNegative Effects Of Smoking1719 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Smoking causes 1,300 deaths daily in the U.S., and an estimated 5.6 million pre-mature deaths is expected among American youths18 years and younger due to a smoking-related illness if smoking continues at the current rate (CDC, 2017). According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), there are currently 40 million adult smokers in the U.S. (CDC, 2017), and 763,960 of these residents are from Massachusetts (DPH, 2014). Smoking can cause various kinds of cancer such as those of the cervixRead MoreEffects Of Smoking Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Smoking has become a usual thing in our culture of recent. A person with a cigarette, E-Cigarette, Hookahs and Weed Cigarettes has become the norm in our society: we can see them on the streets, actors smoke in movies, there are also book characters who smoke, we have relatives, friends or someone we look up to who smoke. Starting as mainly as a part of a religious ritual a long time ago, smoking has become a routine thing for us in recent times, not giving thoughts to the many effects of smokingRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful effects of smoking Doan Thi Huong Thao BAIU08155 International University HCMC Academic English 2 Bien Thi Thanh Mai Instructor May 17, 2010 Abstract Smoking is known to be a primary cause of harmful effects on health, family, environment and society. However, scientist research in health and environment, that researches show that smoking cause many diseases, even lung cancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicatedRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking806 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking has become very common and fashionable, especially among young boys. This habit usually begins at school when boys try to experiment with every new thing that they can lay their hands on. Despite the warnings given by doctors about the ill-effects of smoking, people continue to smoke. Smokers are addicted to it, and even if they want to, they cannot refrain from picking up a cigar or cigarette and puffing away. Some youngsters smoke for the sake of society and some feel that would make them

Fractional Distillation Definition and Examples

Gang Report On Gang Groups - 840 Words

According to the 2013 National Gang Report, gangs continue to flourish, progress, and develop criminal tradecrafts (p. 3). Based on state, local, and federal law enforcement reporting, the National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC) calculated that the US gang composition is approximately 88 percent street gang members, 9.5 percent prison gang members, and 2.5 percent outlaw motorcycle gang (OMG) members. Street gangs pose the most violent and significant threat in most communities, while prison gangs are viewed as the least problematic (National Gang Report, 2013, p. 3). OMGs are described as the greatest threat in approximately 11 percent of jurisdictions, despite comprising only 2.5 percent of the gang composition (National Gang Report,†¦show more content†¦Street gangs are linked to crime in elementary, middle, and high schools, and even on college campuses. Schools provide grounds for recruitment and many public schools are widespread with gang activity such as assaults, r obberies, threats and intimidation, drug distribution, and weapons offenses (National Gang Report, 2013, p. 4). Gangs continue to commit violent crimes, including assaults, and robberies, and threats and intimidation more so than white collar-type crimes, such as identity theft and credit card fraud (National Gang Report, 2013, p. 4). Drug trafficking was identified as the most common criminal activity of gangs (National Gang Report, 2013, p. 4). In 2010 and 2011, Dà ©cary-Hà ©tu1 and Morselli analyzed two popular social network sites to find the presence of gangs on both Facebook and Twitter (p. 877). The top three gangs with the highest number of members on Facebook in 2010 and 2011 included: Hells Angels (14,775 and 42,911), Crips (4,598 and 5,457), and Bloods (1,993 and 3,497) (Dà ©cary-Hà ©tu1 Morselli, 2011, p. 883). As noted in the article, the number of followers increased—dramatically for Hells Angels—over just a one year period. Similarly, Twitter’s top three gangs were the Bloods (47,171), Hells Angels (13,411), and the Latin Kings (6,823) (Dà ©cary-Hà ©tu1 Morselli, 2011, p. 885). Law enforcement monitoring of social networking sites is a useful tool for

The Birthmark A Psychological Short Story Essay - 3606 Words

â€Å"The Birthmark† Is a Psychological Story The psychological dimension of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writing, typical of his best short stories, is well demonstrated in his tale â€Å"The Birthmark.† Frederick C. Crews in â€Å"The Logic of Compulsion in ‘Roger Malvin’s Burial’† explores the psychological drama that prevails in Hawthorne’s short stories: . . . I chose this one tale to analyze because it illustrates the indispensability, and I should even say the priority, of understanding the literal psychological dramas in Hawthorne’s fiction. Like all of his best tales, this one is packed with symbolic suggestions and invite a moralistic reading, and the problem it explores appears to be a problem of ethics. Yet†¦show more content†¦Studies in nerves seem to us more important than studies in morals, and certainly we are right in supposing that common sense and a working knowledge of science would have prevented half the casualties of literature. Hawthorne might retort by saying that without a moral sense you have of course no moral tragedies, and an observer of both epochs might add that the value of his literary psychology lies not in the deeds analyzed but in the picture of a struggle between right and wrong where the state of mind of the characters in conflict is immensely significant without regard to the rightn ess of what they think right or the wrongness of what they think wrong (62). There is probably unanimity among literary critics that Hawthorne is a â€Å"psychological† writer. Consider some of their statements chosen at random from various critiques of Hawthorne’s literary works: Stanley T. Williams in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Puritan Mind† says: What he wrote of New England was . . . .the subconscious mind of New England. It was. . . . unforgettable case histories of men and women afflicted by guilt, or, as he called it, by â€Å"a stain upon the soul.†. . . . His were grave and acute reflections uponShow MoreRelatedThe Birthmark: A Psychological Short Story Essay3342 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"The Birthmark† – a Psychological Short Story  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† may require a psychoanalyst to properly interpret because it is indeed a â€Å"psychological† short story in its themes and approach to character portrayal - and this essay will amply demonstrate these assertions. Henry Seidel Canby in â€Å"A Skeptic Incompatible with His Time and His Past† talks about the value of Hawthorne’s â€Å"literary psychology†: This irreverent generation [of the 1950’s] has mocked atRead MoreBirthday Mark by Nathaniel Hawthorne1146 Words   |  5 Pageschallenged scientists of the nineteenth century. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes of some challenges that man could run into during the exploration and application of new technology in The Birthmark. These challenges are not entirely physical but they are more so about an internal struggle within Victorian mindsets. In The Birthmark there are only three characters: Aylmer, a scientist, Georgiana, Aylmer’s wife, and Aminadab, Aylmer’s lab assistant. Hawthorne isolates the characters in their caste to presentRead More Hawthorne Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagescompelling story in just a few pages. Within these few pages, flows an elaborate and complex story. These stories flow so steadily and with such complexity that Hawthorne seems to create his own romantic style. He does this by incooperateing many different situations that keep the read er intuned to the story. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In many of his short stories there seems to be a character that is infatuated with a person or an object. The reason for Hawthorne creating stories like this couldRead MoreSymbolism : The Birthmark, By Nathaniel Hawthorne849 Words   |  4 Pages In the short allegory â€Å"The Birthmark†, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a newly-wed couple becomes consumed by the existence of a small birthmark on the wife’s face. When the wife, Georgiana, allows her husband Aylmer, a scientist, to remove the birthmark, both realize that Georgiana will inevitably sacrifice her life for the sake of its removal. As the story progresses, so does the confliction of the newlyweds as they realize exactly what the birthmark symbolized to and for each other. Hawthorne’s hallmarkRead MoreGothic Literature : The Dark Side Of Romanticism1518 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism. The theme of Gothic stories is either mysterious, horror, or even death. Nathaniel Hawthorne an d Edgar Allan Poe are authors that demonstrate Gothic literature. Some of their work include, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Cask of Amontillado tells how the narrator Montresor seeks revenge on his acquaintance, Fortunato. Montresor to desperate measures and did not catch. However, in â€Å"The Birthmark†, Aylmer, a scientist has becomeRead MoreLiterary Analysys of the Birthmark1060 Words   |  5 Pagesconflict of Nature and Science I. Introduction paragraph II. Theme of the story   Ã‚  Ã‚   A. 1st piece of evidence supporting this tool   Ã‚  Ã‚   B. 2nd piece of evidence supporting this tool   Ã‚  Ã‚   C. 3rd piece of evidence supporting this tool III. Characterization   Ã‚  Ã‚   A. 1st piece of evidence supporting this tool   Ã‚  Ã‚   B. 2nd piece of evidence supporting this tool   Ã‚  Ã‚   C. 3rd piece of evidence supporting this tool IV. Symbolism   Ã‚  Ã‚   A. 1st piece of evidence supporting this tool   Ã‚  Ã‚  Read MoreThe Birthmark Literary Analysis914 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Birthmark†, a short story by Nathanial Hawthorne, the use of the archetypal conflict Nature vs. Science, the character of Damsel in Distress, and the symbol of the Incurable Wound show how easily beauty is overlooked in the endeavor for perfection. The archetypal conflict of Nature vs. Science is shown in Aylmer’s intention to remove the birthmark, nature’s constant reminder of human mortality, from Georgiana’s cheek. Aylmer believed that the birthmark might heighten Georgiana’s beautyRead MoreThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Birthmark Criticism Analysis The short story â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in 1843 at the beginning of the largest feminist movement in the United States of America which occurred between the years 1840 and 1920 (National). Furthermore, during the 1830s and 1840s there were many women who spoke out about women’s rights. They argued for many changes with one of them being a social change in their duties to be subdominant to males. They rallied around the prohibition by fightingRead MoreThe Raven A Man By Edgar Allan Poe1737 Words   |  7 Pagesemotion, passion and wildness. The characters in these passages are very distinguished, they are also iconic. The stories are usually set a unknown place for example in a castle or in the woods, or they are set in a known place where something is out of the ordinary. There is something supernatural going on within the passage of writing. There are many thing that happen in the story that doesn’t happen in everyday life. For example in the poem The Raven a man is talking to a raven, this is personaRead More The Psychological Dimension of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Birthmark3161 Words   |  13 PagesThe Psychological Dimension of â€Å"The Birthmark†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay will analyze Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† in order to demonstrate that it is a â€Å"psychological† short story both in its themes and in its emphasis on the moral-psychological aspect of the main characters. There is probably unanimity among literary critics that Hawthorne is a â€Å"psychological† writer. Consider some of their statements chosen at random from various critiques of Hawthorne’s literary works: Stanley

Passage Analysis Because I Could Not Stop for Death

Question: Write a passage on Because I Could Not Stop for Death ? Answer: Because I Could Not Stop for Death discloses Emily Dickinsons quiet approval of death. It is astonishing that she represents the knowledge by being no further terrifying than unloading a gentleman visitorhere its her fianc (Death embodied) (Ahmadi and Tayari, 2014). This passage to grave begins when Death comes to call in the carriage where Immortality is as well a traveller. Another verse I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died written by Emily Dickinson explains atmosphere and scene and at that moment while somebody dies, with some weird disclosure thrown in (Dickinson, 2004). Here the speaker starts by declaring the resonance of the fly, which intersects the silent, heavy atmosphere in the region of her deathbed. The first poem justifies such attention though it is tricky to identify how greatly its problematic environment donates to this attention. It is believable that this poem demonstrates death is accompanying the lady speaker to the secure paradise. Another fact is that death approaches in form of some swindler, maybe even some kind of a rapist, to take her off to devastation. Still the poem absconds the query of the goal open. Just like "I heard a Fly buzz when I died," expands the preliminary force by possessing its character articulates from outside of the death. At this point, dying has mainly heralded the action plus its physical features are only indicated. That phrase "stop" means to call by on behalf of the person; however it also means stopping somebodys every day actions. At this time, death is obtainable as a trip towards eternity. In both the poem the poet shows the romantic sight of death. The writer personifies death like somebody who is respectful, patient and civil plus who gives traverses to persons. After Death halt for the busy poetic speaker who didnt have any time to imagine regarding death, they begin a trip together headed for eternity, fleeting through spaces that symbolize dissimilar phases of her days; the school, signifying education and youth plus the field of grain represents adulthood, and the setting sun, signifying the old age (Catanzar, 2015). Uncertainty also acts an significant role here: the reference to school might also be deduced as if Death and narrator were overlooking the school to choose a kid who had expired; and while the writer utters, "We passed.....sun," here setting sun means that poetic narrator omits old age. In the second poem fly that move towards decaying body symbolizes all the nature worlds which will persist the sequence of lifecycle by intake the body. In the second poem she explains a silence and stillness in the room, like in the centre of some storm. The metonymy eye symbolizes those mourners themselves . Here, Eyes refers the sights of the persons who had been weeping and drying the eyes for their loved ones who are dying. The persons at deathbed in understanding that their beloved one will expire are gathering firm. Here, windows is one metaphor for eyes; just like in the logic that people's explanation of blindness (Tomlinson, 2013). This might be the religious blindness, representing that there are not a single immense spiritual visions subsequent to death except simple nothingness. Fly's "blue buzz!' basically is the major famed sections of synaesthesia in the Dickinson's poems. That image symbolizes the combining of sound plus colour by that expiring person's deteriorating senses. Emilys poems manage death repeatedly. Immorality is actually the objective is mentioned here where Immortality basically is the simply other inhabitant of carriage. In these poems time unexpectedly misplaces its meaning; thousands of years considers no diverse than a single day. The poems portray a apparition of the afterlife, where individual exceeds and goes to a place where time appears not to survive. Reference list: Ahmadi, Zahra, and Zohreh Tayari. "Thematic Study of Death in Emily Dickinson's Selected Poems." Language in India 14.3 (2014). Catanzaro, Mary F. "More than a Common Pest: The Fly as Non-human Companion in Emily Dickinsons I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died and Samuel Becketts Company." From Sky and Earth to Metaphysics. Springer Netherlands, 2015. 157-162. Dickinson, Emily, and Susan Howe. Because I could not stop for Death. ProQuest LLC, 2004. Tomlinson, Lynn. "I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died." (20

Film Production Essay Example For Students

Film Production Essay In the period previous to the 1930s, the predominant form of filmmaking wasthat of the crank camera. This is not to say that motor-driven cameras werenot possible. However, the motors to advance the film were so large that theywere simply too cumbersome to be effective. Thus, it was the cameramanhimself who would crank the film at a steady rate to expose the frames. When it came to showing the film, on the other hand, motor driven projectorswere quite convenient, and by the 1920s a standard 24 frames per secondwas established for projecting films. Filming, however, remainedunstandardized due to the inherent variation in recording speeds, since itdepended directly on the cameraman. An experienced cameraman wascapable of filming an entire film at approximately the same speed, yet oftenvariations were made in the recording speed for dramatic effect. Decreasingthe number of cranks, for example, exposed fewer frames and thus whenprojected at the standard 24 frames created the frenzied action thatcharacterized much of the Vaudeville cinema. The French filmmaker GeorgesMelies was among the first to employ changing backdrops and costumes totell his story. Up until that point many film were only a few minutes long takingplace on a single set. Changing sets and costumes opened a vast range ofnew possibilities and spurred further growth in the fledgling in dustry. As thefilm industry expanded in America, filmmakers found and increasing need forto establish a single location at which they could build sets and filmundisturbed. The bright sunlight, relative stability of climate, and varied terrainfound in California made it an ideal place to film, much of the reason for theindustrys concentration there. During this time, films were shot on a singlereel, resulting in filmstrips that were only 15-20 minutes. Independentproducers pioneered the use of double reel filmmaking during the yearsbefore the First World War. This allowed much longer films and opening thedoor for further opportunity, both financially and creatively, as well asbringing into being the double reel camera that became such an icon of movieproduction. The major advance of the 1930s was the introduction ofsynchronous sound and dialogue in the late 1930s. First invented and shownin the 1920s, it became the standard by the early 1930s, partly due to theinvention of a device b ased on the radio that could effectively amplify soundin the theater. Initially there were two available systems with which to recordsound. The first was similar to a phonograph, and recorded the sound to aseparate disc. The second, more popular, system recorded the sound directlyonto the celluloid strip. Initially sound hindered the filmmaking process, sincethe cameras had to be encased to muffle the noise of their motors and actorscould not stray far from the stationary microphones. However, technologicaladvances soon made up for this and the sound became an integral part offilmmaking. The incorporation of sound into film and the resulting movietheater draw triggered a number of mergers in Hollywood as companies triedto consolidate their power (and their wealth). The result of these unions wasthe creation of the first major studios that dominated the industry for decades,Fox Studios (later 20th Century Fox), Leows Incorporated (laterMetro-Goldwyn-Meyer), Paramount, RKO, and Warner Bros. Thesestudios monopolized the industry through vertical consolidation, meaning theycontrolled every part of the production process. They owned the writers, thedirectors and producers, the actors, the equipment and crew, even thetheaters. They controlled every step and dominated Hollywood until 1948when the U.S. Government found them to be an illegal monopoly. It was alsoduring this time that color in movies became possible through the use of theTechnicolor system. Technicolor was created using a special camera that ranthree strips of film, one in red, one in blue, and one in yellow. When the threestrips were consolidated, the resulting image was in full color, though thecolors were frequently very exaggerated as can be seen in two such films thatwere filmed in this manner, Gone With The Wind (1939) and The Wizard ofOz (1939). The 1940s also marked the beginning of the Italian movementknown as neorealism. This movement focused on portraying thenon-fictional aspects of Italian s ociety for entertainment, in contrast to manyof the dream worlds that were being produced by Hollywood. Futuregenerations of filmmakers would look to this movement as inspiration for theirown films depicting their home countries in a style that is sometimes known asslice-of-life. A novelty technique used during the 1950s was theintroduction of 3-D. Filmed with special lenses and then viewed by theaudience with special glasses, Hollywood released about 35 of these filmsduring its brief popularity. Unfortunately, audiences quickly became boredwith it and Hollywood soon dropped it. Another technique introduced in the1950s was the wide screen format. It was introduced largely to distinguishmovies from television in an effort to lure dwindling audiences back intotheaters. Cinemascope was the first such technology, using a special lens tocompress the wider image onto a 35mm film reel. A second lens on theprojection piece would later decompress the image to create the wide screenformat. It was later replaced by the Panavision system, which did not requirespecial lenses. The 1950s also saw the rise of the French New Wave. TheNew Wave began with a group of French film critics who believed that themajority of French cinema was overly devoted to written aspects of a film. .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 , .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .postImageUrl , .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 , .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920:hover , .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920:visited , .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920:active { border:0!important; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920:active , .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920 .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf85c2d79fe2923ad054d35e97c17920:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poverty And Its Effects On America Essay They believed that the director, the creator of the final visual image should bethe true center and set out to direct their own films under this new theory. TheFrench New Wave also sought in some ways to reconceptualize film. Thoughthey were immersed in popular culture and striving to emulate Hollywoodssuccess, they also incorporated new techniques and styles. One suchexample of this Jean-Luc Godard, who introduced the jump cuts, temporalcuts to disrupt the continuity of a scene. During the 1960s Germany began itsown movement, similar to the Italian Neorealism and the French New Wave,known as das neue Kino, translated as The New Cinema. Major aspects ofthe New Cinema were a focus on history and hardship Germany hadendured, the effects of popular culture from America on German society, aswell as the inclusion of feminist viewpoints on these subjects. It was duringthe 1970s that the blockbusters as we now know it was officially born. Themovie that started it all, if it has to go to a s ingle movie, was Jaws. Thoughsomewhat similar to the formula that had described blockbusters under theold studio system, it broke the mold in several major ways. First, its cast was,for the most part, unknown actors. Under the old model it was thoughtimpossible to have a blockbuster without a recognizable cast. Second, andmuch more importantly, it used shocking special effects, namely a largemechanical shark, to thrill the audience. Audiences had scene special effectsbefore, but this was a whole new level of realism. Thus was born the era ofthe f/x blockbuster. A few years later the trend was reaffirmed whenaudiences were again captivated by special effects in one of the most popularmovies of all time, Star Wars. Special effects surrounding romanticized andoften simplistic characters became the core of the blockbusters, the newformula that brought back the large audiences and flowing cash toHollywood. By the mid-1970s the new formula for success had beenreached. Whereas before a lar ge number of movies were released and shownon the screens of the theaters that bought them, movies were now released insmaller numbers on thousands of screens at once and advertised with massivepromotion campaigns to maximize gross on each film. It broke the financialslump of the 60s and remains the formula today. In 1978 a device was alsodeveloped that opened new doors for filmmakers. Dubbed the Steadicam, itwas a camera mount that attached to the cameraman rather than a tripod ordolly. Thus, instead of being stationary or relying on a track or cart to move,the camera could go anywhere a cameraman could walk or run. Since then,numerous changes in the system have consistently improved its quality andease of use. One of the most recent examples of a sequence filmed using theSteadicam were the Normandy battle sequences of Spielburgs SavingPrivate Ryan. The only major change in the film industry that occurred in the80s (aside from the technological advances that occur constantly since thecreation of the first camera but are for the most part too technical to beinteresting to you or I) was the rise of new mediums. Cable companiesexploded in the 1980s, wiring the country with a multitude of newentertainment possibilities. This wave of entertainment also started a trend ofincreasing independent production. Up until that time, an independent filmoften had trouble finding an audience as major theater chains only dealt withstudios. Cable opened up new audiences for independents and was a strongcontributor the growth of that sector of the industry. The major technicaladvance of the 1990s has been the advent of the Digital Age. All acrossAmerica people are going digital, with CDs having completely replaced vinyland tapes, DVDs becoming increasingly popular, and camcorders andcameras becoming sharper and sharper. Hollywood is not to be left behind,in fact they are far ahead. Though digital editors have been in use since the1980s, it was not until the 1990s that the non-li near format of editingbecame a true standard, as even high school programs began to purchaseconsumer-grade non-linear devices. At the same time, advances in the 1990shave grown by leaps and bounds. Numerous breakthroughs in computereffects editing make it not only possible to alter the look of a film in acomputer, but also extremely cost effective, as more productions use thecomputer to delete out mistakes in filming, or expand the grandeur of a scene(an example of this will be seen in an upcoming war movie as yet unnamed inwhich twenty extras charging across a battlefield will be digitally cloned into athousand-man assault). Perhaps the most important step comes from thepioneer of the digital world, George Lucas. Releasing Star Wars: E1 in threetheaters using completely digital projectors (no film reels needed) and makinghis preparations to film the next two using completely digital cameras andencouraging release on completely digital theaters. It is now clear toHollywood and the r est of the world that digital is the next evolution in film. Bibliography: